Confidence & Performance · Hypnosis session

The Story Requires You to Have Fooled Everybody, Every Time.

Luck. Timing. A kind interviewer, a low bar, a good day. There is an account for every one of them and it is always the same account. Before you accept it, it is worth knowing where imposter syndrome came from, and what the psychologists who coined it would not have called it.

A smartphone showing an audio waveform, resting against a pair of over-ear headphones on a bedside table.

Overcome Imposter Syndrome

Twenty-four minutes and forty seconds, aimed at the reflex that files every success under luck and every mistake under proof, and at the arousal that arrives when somebody says your job title out loud.

US$18.95

one-off · no subscription · about A$27

I earn a commission if you buy through this page. It doesn’t change what you pay, and it doesn’t decide what I recommend.

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What’s in the 24 minutes ↓

Is this the shape of it?

  • An appointment email read three times, hunting for the line that takes it back
  • The word “expert” in an introduction of you, and the drop underneath it
  • A recruiter’s message about a bigger job, opened Tuesday, unanswered Friday
  • Certificates in a drawer, each with the reason it doesn’t count attached
  • Working late when the work doesn’t need it, because the margin has to be there

Count three and this page is for you. Count none and the guide at the foot fits better.

Where this ends and something clinical beginsImposter feelings attach to the work: being exposed as not good enough at a thing you do. If the dread is instead about being looked at and found wanting anywhere at all — the counter, the phone, a table where nobody is assessing anything — that is social anxiety disorder, a clinical diagnosis of its own, recorded by the Australian Bureau of Statistics in 7.3% of Australians aged 16 to 85 in 2020-22. Start at social anxiety.

Where did the phrase actually come from?

One paper, forty-eight years ago: Pauline Rose Clance and Suzanne Imes, in Psychotherapy: Theory, Research and Practice, volume 15, autumn 1978, pages 241 to 247. It was not a survey of anything. The authors wrote up what they had seen working with more than 150 highly successful women in individual psychotherapy, in growth groups, and in classes they taught themselves.

Only about a third were therapy clients, there for something else. Primarily white, middle to upper class, aged 20 to 45: undergraduates and faculty at a midwestern college, graduate students at a southern university, six medical students, and 22 women in law, nursing, social work and teaching.

Notice what is missing there. And notice what they called it: the imposter phenomenon, not a syndrome. Nobody proposed it for the diagnostic manual, and it has not appeared in any edition of the DSM since. Mak, Kleitman and Abbott, reviewing the questionnaires built to measure it for Frontiers in Psychology in 2019, put it in four words: not a diagnosable condition.

Syndrome arrived later, from outside the literature, and it does a great deal of quiet work. Syndromes are things people have; phenomena are things that happen.

Does 70 per cent of the population really have it?

The academic-looking source is Sakulku and Alexander in the International Journal of Behavioral Science, 2011: an estimated 70% of people will experience at least one episode of it. Their citation is Gravois, 2007 — a feature in the Chronicle of Higher Education, where the number comes from a mid-1980s survey by Clance and the psychologist Gail Matthews. Described in the article. Never published as a study.

Not fabricated. Just far thinner than the confidence with which it gets repeated.

When somebody counts properly it gets more interesting. Bravata and colleagues gathered 62 studies covering 14,161 people for the Journal of General Internal Medicine in 2020. Reported prevalence ran from 9% to 82%, depending largely on the screening tool and where the cut-off was drawn.

A range that wide is not a measurement. It is common. Past that, nobody knows, and that includes me.

Why doesn’t the evidence ever land?

Because the trouble is not a shortage of achievements. It is where each gets filed, and Clance and Imes described that precisely. It is an accounting error rather than a feeling. A success is booked outside you: luck, timing, being liked, an error in the process. A mistake is booked to you, permanently, as the thing you are.

Which is why look at everything you have done bounces off. The achievements were never in dispute; their ownership was.

Where a success goes, and where a mistake goes Two boxes at the top. From the left box, marked “a success arrives”, an arrow runs down into a separate grey box marked “filed under luck”, which connects to nothing else. From the right box, marked “a mistake arrives”, an arrow runs down and across into a box at the bottom marked “what you believe you are”. Only one of the two arrows reaches that box. A success arrives A mistake arrives Filed under luck Goes no further Kept What you believe you are One of the two reaches the box. Twenty years of this, and the balance holds.
The ledger only runs one way. Wins are booked outside you and mistakes to you, so a long record passes through without the belief moving.

Overcome Imposter SyndromeUS$18.95 · instant download · full refund within 90 days if it isn’t right.

Opens the publisher’s checkout in a new tab. Or keep reading — the free techniques below cost nothing.

What can you do about it for nothing?

Three. Two work on the filing above: one builds a record you cannot dismiss, the other takes the luck explanation apart. The third checks whether the problem is even yours.

  1. Keep an evidence log somebody else could audit

    One file, one entry a week, five minutes on a Friday. Date, what happened, what you did in verbs rather than adjectives, and the part a third party could check: a sentence somebody wrote, a number that moved, a decision that went your way. Handled the migration well is not an entry. Wrote the rollback script Tuesday; it ran Thursday when the deploy failed is one, because somebody who disliked you could confirm it.

    Then the rule that makes the difference: record the ones that went badly too, same file, same detail. A log of only wins is advertising, and you will discount it inside a month exactly as you discount compliments.

  2. Audit one attribution all the way down

    Take one success from the last year and write the luck account out in full: the timing, whoever was away that week, the brief that turned out easier than it looked. Underneath it, write what you did that a randomly chosen competent person in your role would not have done, or would have done later, or worse. If a colleague had produced that result by that route, would luck occur to you?

    Then the arithmetic. The story requires that you fooled the hiring panel, then probation, then four managers, then whoever signed off the last piece of work, none of them comparing notes. Fooling nineteen people in a row across eleven years would be a rare talent in itself.

  3. Count the room before you diagnose yourself

    Ten minutes of arithmetic outside you, before concluding the fault is inside you. Who else in the building shares your background, your accent, your school, your age? How many people one level up look anything like you? Was the last person in your job given the same brief and the same rope?

    Write them down. If they come out lopsided, part of what you feel is a report on the room rather than a verdict on you.

Is the problem you, or the room you are in?

This is the part a page selling a recording is tempted to leave out. In February 2021 Ruchika Tulshyan and Jodi-Ann Burey published Stop Telling Women They Have Imposter Syndrome in the Harvard Business Review. Their case is not that the feelings are imaginary.

It is that the label took an ordinary experience of discomfort and second-guessing at work and pathologised it, women especially, and that a concept built in the 1970s out of white professional women left no room for racism or classism. Feeling like an outsider, they wrote, is often not an illusion but the result of systemic bias and exclusion. What needs repairing is the environment, not the person standing in it.

Feenstra and colleagues put the academic version in Frontiers in Psychology in 2020: calling it a syndrome implies the people experiencing it are patients, which imports a medical model into what may be an accurate reading of the room.

The Australian numbers do not soften it. For its 2018 Leading for Change report the Australian Human Rights Commission counted the cultural background of 2,490 of the country’s most senior leaders. People of non-European background held 4.7% of those posts, and are 21% of the population.

If you are the only person of your kind in a room that has been that way for decades, part of what you are reading is the room.

So what can a recording honestly do about that?

Nothing whatever to the room. It cannot change who is in the building, reopen a promotion round, stop a manager talking over you, or return the years a pay gap has taken. No audio file does, and anybody implying otherwise is handing a structural problem back as a personal failing.

What it can do is narrower: lower the arousal you carry in, and loosen the reflex that reads any ordinary difficulty as evidence of a deficiency you are hiding.

If the room is stacked, being less frightened in it is not a solution. It is also not nothing. Most people fighting something structural still have to get through Thursday.

Does hypnosis do anything for imposter feelings?

Nothing has been tested on it, and I went looking. There is no trial of hypnosis for imposter feelings at any level of quality; a search turns up hypnotherapists advertising, this page included. That is less damning than it sounds, because of a line in Bravata’s review that deserves to be better known: no published studies evaluated treatments for it.

None. Not hypnosis, not CBT, not coaching, not the workshops. An empty shelf, for something with its own aisle in every airport bookshop.

So what follows describes what it is built to do, not what it has been shown to do.

A recording, a coach, or a different conversation altogether?

Imposter syndrome sells extremely well: keynotes, corporate half-days, coaching, books by the shelf metre. So, the proportion. Twenty-three Australian dollars buys an audio file: not a course, not a coach, nowhere near an HR process.

If what is actually happening is that you are underpaid, passed over, or managed by somebody who undermines you, the useful spend is different: an hour with your union, an employment lawyer, or a career coach who will read the log and tell you your market rate. That is aimed at what is being done to you, not at how you feel while it is done.

Buy the recording for what is left over. For most people something is.

What is in the Overcome Imposter Syndrome session?

Twenty-four minutes and forty seconds in Roger Elliott’s voice, built for repeated listening across weeks rather than one attentive go the night before a review. Permissive rather than commanding: nothing barked, no affirmations to repeat. It works on the arousal, and on the explanation that arrives before the compliment has finished.

There is no free preview for this title, so the thing most likely to sink a recording for a particular person — whether the voice suits you — cannot be tested first. The ninety days stand in for a sample.

Overcome Imposter Syndrome

US$18.95

About A$27 · one-off, no subscription.

  • 24 minutes 40 seconds, narrated by Roger Elliott of Uncommon Knowledge, publishing since 1998
  • Instant MP3 download plus the publisher’s app — any device, unlimited listens
  • No sample to play first, so the refund carries that risk
  • For someone whose record is good and whose account of it isn’t

Opens the publisher’s secure checkout · no account needed

Ninety days to change your mindA full refund if it doesn’t do what you wanted. Email the publisher your order number, nothing to justify. One refund per customer. The window is the publisher’s to set, and ninety days outlasts most probation periods.

Figures the publisher reports about itself: publishing since 1998, more than a million customers, and 710 purchases of this title.

A purchase count is a fact about a shop. Read it as one.

Who is this session wrong for?

Anyone whose difficulty is not about competence, and anyone hoping twenty-four minutes settles something a workplace is doing to them.

  • The doubt has been there most days for months, and taken your sleep or appetite with it.
  • The same dread turns up in shops, on the phone, where nobody is assessing anything.
  • You have turned down a promotion or a course you were qualified for, more than once.
  • You are being bullied, excluded or underpaid, and imposter syndrome is how it has been explained to you.
  • Alcohol is part of how the evening after a hard day gets handled.
  • You have had thoughts of harming yourself, or of not wanting to be here.

The first is where I want to be careful, on a page arguing the label already medicalises too much. Self-doubt is not an illness, and a bad fortnight before something hard is not a condition.

But doubt sitting there on a Sunday morning with nothing scheduled, for two months, taking your energy and your sleep with it, is a different animal. It has a name of its own, responds to treatment, and is a GP appointment.

The fourth is not a health problem, it is an industrial one. The last belongs with somebody today; numbers below.

If things are heavier than this page can hold

Free and confidential, open now. Tap to call.

Common questions about imposter syndrome

Is imposter syndrome a real diagnosis?

No. It has not appeared in any edition of the DSM. Pauline Clance and Suzanne Imes described it in 1978 and called it the imposter phenomenon, not a syndrome. A 2019 review of the measurement scales in Frontiers in Psychology states plainly that it is not a diagnosable condition.

Where does the 70 per cent figure come from?

A 2011 review in the International Journal of Behavioral Science says 70% of people will experience it at least once, citing a 2007 feature in the Chronicle of Higher Education. That article reports a mid-1980s survey by Clance and Gail Matthews that was never published as a study.

So how common is it really?

Nobody can say with precision. A 2020 systematic review in the Journal of General Internal Medicine pooled 62 studies covering 14,161 people and found reported prevalence running from 9% to 82%, depending on the questionnaire used and where the cut-off was drawn.

Isn’t this just blaming people for a biased workplace?

That is a serious argument. Ruchika Tulshyan and Jodi-Ann Burey made it in the Harvard Business Review in 2021: the label pathologises what is often a reasonable reaction to environments that genuinely treat some people as though they do not belong. Where that is happening, no recording reaches it.

Does hypnosis help with imposter syndrome?

There is no trial of it, and I looked. The wider position is starker: that 2020 systematic review found no published studies evaluating any treatment for imposter syndrome at all. So what is said here describes what the session is built to do, not what it has been shown to do.

What if the session doesn’t help me?

You email the publisher your order number within 90 days and the full amount comes back, with nothing to justify. One refund per customer. I cannot widen the window. It matters more here than on some titles, because there is no free sample to test the narrator on.

If none of those is it, the confidence and performance guide sorts sessions by situation rather than label. If being found wanting follows you into shops and phone calls, start at social anxiety.

Whatever you decide about buying, open a file tonight: last week, what you did, the part somebody else could verify. Then add one that went badly.

Ernest McLeod, clinical hypnotherapist, Adelaide

Ernest McLeod — clinical hypnotherapist. An Adelaide practice, seeing clients across Australia by video. Fourteen years in practice.

  • ICHP
  • FELLOW, ASCH
  • IICT MEMBER

Hypnotherapy is not a registered profession in Australia, so I am not AHPRA-registered and I am not a psychologist. Those three are the bodies I do answer to.

I also train other hypnotherapists. My smoking, gambling and vaping cessation courses have been reviewed by the Australian Hypnotherapists’ Association and approved for CPD points.

The section I would defend hardest is the one arguing the label may be wrong, which does not help me sell anything. Leaving it out would have made the page worse. More →

Twenty-four minutes and forty seconds, and ninety days

If the log is open and the room counted, this is a small private thing for the arousal that turns up anyway.

US$18.95

Instant download · 90-day refund · about A$27 · opens in a new tab

This is a self-help audio session, not medical treatment, a diagnosis, or a substitute for professional care. Imposter syndrome is not a medical diagnosis, and ordinary self-doubt is not an illness. If low mood, loss of interest or hopelessness have been present most days for weeks, see a GP. Bullying, discrimination or underpayment at work belongs with your union or a lawyer, not a recording. Never listen at the wheel.

US$18.95Overcome Imposter Syndrome · 24 min